Line three baking sheets with parchment paper and preheat your oven to 350°F (180°C).
In a large bowl, combine the unsalted butter, cold cream cheese, granulated sugar, brown sugar, and molasses on low speed for about three minutes until light and fluffy.
Add in the large egg, egg yolk, and vanilla extract, mixing until combined thoroughly.
Gradually mix in the flour, baking powder, cream of tartar, and fine sea salt until just combined.
Combine cane granulated sugar and ground cinnamon for rolling your cookie dough balls. Scoop approximately two tablespoons of dough at a time into this mixture to coat completely before placing them on your prepared baking sheets.
Create an indent in each cookie's center and fill with half a tablespoon of apple butter, sprinkling with turbinado sugar before baking.